Deduction is taught through the study of formal logic, or the science of good reason
The Basic Vocabulary of Logic
1. Argument : appear in both deductive and inductive forms.
2. Reasoning : Both arguments use reasoning to arrive at a conclusion.
Deductive arguments start with one or more premise, then reason to consider what conclusions must necessarily follow from them.
3. Syllogism : Logic arranges deductive arguments in standardized forms that make the structure of the arguments clearly visible for study and review.
4. Premises and Conclusion : A syllogism usually contains two premises and conclusion. The first statement is called the major premise and the second is called the minor premise.
5. Validity : The standards used for testing reliability are based on some specific rules that determine an argument's validity and soundness.
6. Soundness : Standards for judging arguments refer not only to correct reasoning but also to the truth of the premise.
Standardized Forms in Syllogisms
1. All___are___.
2. All___are not ___.
3. No__ are__.
4. Some___are____.
5. Some___are not___.
6. If___, then___.
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