Fallacies: What’s Faulty Argument?
Fallacy means deceit or trick.
Fallacy is a statement or argument that presents itself as soundly reasoned when it is not
Manipulation Through Language
Fallacies that use deceptive language include the fallacies of word ambiguity, misleading euphemisms, and prejudicial language
1. Word ambiguity : occurs in an argument when a key word with several meanings is left undefined; as a result, the reader must assume what meaning was intended.
2. Misleading euphemisms : meaning "good voice," or to use words of good omen. Euphemisms are inoffensive words used to maintain a level of social formality.
3. Prejudicial Language : an attempt to persuade through the choice of slanted or loaded words that convey a bias. The implication in such a tactic is that words that
Manipulation Through Emotions
4. Appeal to fear
5. Appeal to pity
6. Appeal to false authority
7. Appeal to bandwagon
8. Appeal to prejudice
a. Personal attack
b. Poisoning the well
Manipulation Through Distraction
9. Red herring
10. Pointing to another wrong
11. Straw man
12. Circular reasoning
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